Axum continues to be a favored destination for tourists, as evidenced by the growing number of visitors each year. The city boasts a range of captivating attractions, including historical sites like The Obelisk of Axum and the Axum Mariam Zion Church, which is renowned for housing the Ark of the Covenant. Additionally, visitors can explore the Queen of Sheba Palace, Archeological museums, Monuments, and other intriguing places that make for an enjoyable day trip.
About Axum
Axum or Aksum, is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Ethiopia and has a rich and complex history that stretches back 3000 years. It flourished as the center of politics and culture for the Axumite kingdom, eventually becoming the historic capital of the Axumite Empire and the holiest city in Ethiopia.
Axum was not only a powerful kingdom but also had one of the most sophisticated and complex civilizations in the world. It reached its peak in the 3rd century, becoming one of the four greatest powers of the time alongside Persia, Rome, and China. The Aksumites were known for their contributions such as creating the Ge’ez alphabet, the Ethiopian Calendar, minting coins, and commanding a super naval power. They also erected giant obelisks to mark the tombs of emperors and nobles. The iconic Obelisk of Aksum being the most famous. Additionally, Axum was one of the first Christian kingdoms in the world, adopting Christianity as the state religion in 331 A.D.
Is The Ark of The Covenant Found in Axum?
The location of the Ark of the Covenant, the Holiest physical manifestation of God’s presence for the people of Israel, has been a mystery for centuries. Despite being mentioned several times in the Old Testament, its whereabouts are unknown. Many theories have been projected, and books and movies have been made about it, including Steven Spielberg’s Raiders of the Lost Ark. However, in Ethiopia, people believe they know where it is based on the story told by the church, and this belief is widely accepted.
The Ark of the Covenant is securely guarded by a solitary monk inside a small chapel in the compound of Axum Zion Mary Church. The historical account of the Ark’s journey to Ethiopia and its final resting place in Axum is detailed in the 16th-century book called Kibre Negest (Glory of the Kings).
According to the book, the renowned Queen of Sheba, who ruled over Ethiopia and the territories beyond the Red Sea, embarked on a voyage to Jerusalem to seek the wisdom of King Solomon, widely regarded as the wisest man of his time. She intended to observe and learn from his wisdom. During her stay, she became pregnant with King Solomon’s child and gave birth to a son named Menelik I, Meaning “Son of the King.”
As Menelik I grew older, he expressed a desire to meet his father and journeyed back to Jerusalem. After spending two years with his father, Menelik decided to return to his homeland. To ensure his safe passage, King Solomon instructed the Israelites to accompany his son to Ethiopia. Unbeknownst to anyone, the highest priest’s son secretly took the Ark of the Covenant with him. Solomon and the priests later discovered the absence of the Ark and attempted to pursue it, but it seemed to be the will of God that it remained in Ethiopia.
Thus, the Ark of the Covenant found its way to Axum, where it has been claimed by the Ethiopian Christians for centuries. The chapel housing the Ark is incredibly small, and its contents remain a mystery to all except the Guardian Monk. No one, not even the priest, is permitted to enter the chapel or catch a glimpse of the Ark. The Guardian Monk, who dedicates his life to prayer, is the sole individual entrusted with the responsibility of safeguarding the Ark. He remains in constant proximity to the Ark, leaving the chapel only once a day for necessary reasons. The selection process for the Guardian Monk is meticulous, and he is anointed to serve God until the end of his days.
WHEN’S THE BEST TIME TO GO TO Axum
The Best time to visit Axum is during the dry season, as North Ethiopia experiences two main seasons. It is recommended to visit Axum during this time for a more enjoyable experience. Below is an overview of the best time of year and the months to visit Axum.
October to February: The ideal time to travel to Axum is from October to February, as this period offers sunny skies and pleasant weather. During these months, the sun shines throughout the day and the temperature remains neither hot nor cold. It is also the peak season for tourists, with churches, hotels, and other attractions attracting a larger number of visitors.
Attend the Axum Zion Maryam celebration.
Experience the vibrant and one-of-a-kind Axum Zion Maryam celebration, held in the historically and religiously significant city of Axum, Ethiopia. This celebration, which takes place annually on November 30 (December 1st in a leap year), attracts thousands of devoted believers from all corners of Ethiopia. The festivities commence on the eve of the celebration, creating an atmosphere filled with joy and excitement. One of the main factors contributing to the grandeur of this event is the belief that the St. Mary of Zion houses the original Ark of the Covenant. This sacred relic adds a profound sense of spirituality to the celebration, making it truly special. Due to the popularity of the event, it is advisable to secure your accommodation well in advance, as availability tends to fill up quickly.
From March to June, there may be some rainfall in Axum, but the number of tourists decreases compared to the high season. Although it is still busy, it is not as crowded as during peak times.
From June to September, Axum experiences rain until the end of September. Despite not being the most favorable time, this rainy season offers the advantage of having fewer tourists around.
How to Get to Axum
When planning your journey to Axum, it is important to consider the various options available for transportation. Many tourists opt for private transport or flights through tour companies, but there are also alternative ways to reach Axum. Flying is a popular choice, offering convenience and time-saving benefits. Another option is taking public buses, which can provide a more immersive and budget-friendly experience, allowing you to enjoy the beautiful landscapes of Ethiopia.
HOW TO GET AROUND IN AXUM
To explore Axum, renting private transport through tour companies and hotels is the most convenient way to get around. You will enjoy great flexibility and comfort.
Another option is taking a Tuk Tuk, locally called Bajaj, which is a three-wheeled vehicle available for shared rides on designated routes for around 5 -10 Birr per person. If you prefer a private ride, it’s best to negotiate the price in advance to avoid any confusion or disagreements. Private Tuk-tuk drivers may quote prices ranging from 50 Birr to 200 Birr.
CAN’T MISS THINGS TO DO IN Axum
When you’re in Axum, make sure to check out some of the must-see attractions. Don’t miss the Obelisk of Axum, the Tomb of Kaleb, the King Izana Inscription, the Archaeological Museum, the Queen of Sheba Palace, and the St. Mary Zion Church.
Day Trips to take from Axum
Axum, a historical city in Ethiopia, offers several day trip options for visitors. Two of the most interesting places to visit are Yeha and Debredamo.
Yeha
Yeha is home to a Moon Temple, believed to be Ethiopia’s oldest town. The temple, constructed without mortar using limestone bricks, provides a unique and memorable experience. It is just an hour’s drive from Axum, making it an easily accessible day trip destination.
Debre Damo
Debre Damo, on the other hand, is the oldest and most important monastery in Ethiopia. Accessible only by climbing a 24-meter cliff using a leather rope, the monastery offers a thrilling and adventurous experience. The monks at the monastery assist visitors in pulling themselves up. The establishment of the monastery dates back to the 6th century during the Axumite time, and its formidable cliffs make it a must-visit destination.
Adwa Mountains
Another day trip option from Axum is Adwa, located just a 40-minute drive away. Adwa is not only known for its beautiful mountain but also for its historical significance as a battlefield during the war between Ethiopia and Italy. Visitors can trek to the top of the mountain and enjoy breathtaking landscapes. The combination of history and natural beauty makes Adwa a worthwhile destination for a day trip from Axum.
WHERE TO EAT
In Axum, there are several hotels with great restaurants where you can enjoy a variety of cuisines. If you’re in the mood for European food, it’s recommended to dine at the hotels. The top choices include the new Atranos Hotel, known for its superb buffet, followed by the Sabina, Remhai Hotel, and Consular Hotel. Another option worth considering is the restaurant at the Africa Hotel, which offers a combination of Western dishes and local fare at affordable prices ranging from US$2.50 to $5. Don’t forget to try their excellent fruit juice!
If you’re interested in experiencing traditional Ethiopian cuisine, make sure to visit Antica Special Cultural and Lucy Traditional Restaurants. These charming establishments not only serve authentic Ethiopian food, but also provide a cultural experience with traditional decor, music, and dancing on select nights. It’s important to note that during fasting times, many restaurants in Axum do not serve meat dishes, as it is a period when most Orthodox followers abstain from consuming meat.
SOUVENIR SHOPPING
When it comes to shopping in Axum, you’ll be delighted by the wide variety of Ethiopian handicrafts available. From scarves and traditional dresses to religious icons and old artifacts, there’s something for everyone. Don’t miss the modern carvings and cotton scarf cloth that are sure to catch your eye. As you stroll along the main road towards St. Maryam Tsion church, you’ll find Sovuies Shops showcasing these unique souvenirs. And if you’re looking for a vibrant experience, be sure to visit the Traditional Basket Market, a colorful destination worth exploring.